2024 Aluminum Properties, Alloy AA2024 2024T3, 2024T351, 2024T4 Sheet, Plate & Tube (2025)

2024 Aluminum Alloy, Aluminium AA2024 2024T3, 2024T351, 2024T4

Aluminum 2024 is one of the highest strength 2xxx alloys, the copper and magnesium are the main elements in this alloy. The most commonly used temper designs include 2024T3, 2024T351, 2024T4, 2024 T6 and 2024T4. The corrosion resistance of 2xxx series alloys is not as good as most other aluminum alloys, and intergranular corrosion may occur under certain conditions. Therefore, these sheet alloys are usually clad with high-purity alloys or 6xxx series magnesium-silicon alloys to provide galvanic protection for the core material, thereby greatly improving corrosion resistance.

2024 aluminium alloy is widely used in the aircraft industry, such as aircraft skin sheet, automotive panels, bulletproof armor, and forged and machined parts.

Alclad 2024 aluminum alloy combines the high strength of Al2024 with the corrosion resistance of a commercial pure cladding. Used in truck wheels, many structural aircraft applications, mechanical gears, screw mechanical products, auto parts, cylinders and pistons, fasteners, mechanical parts, ordnance, entertainment equipment, screws and rivets, etc.

2024 Aluminum Properties

The tables below list 2024 aluminum properties and specifications including chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity, etc.

Chemical Composition

Al 2024 chemical composition is given in the table below.

Aluminum 2024 Chemical Composition, %
Alloy (UNS)	Si, ≤	Fe, ≤	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn, ≤	Ti	Other Elements, Each (Total), ≤	Al
2024 (UNS A92024)	0.50	0.50	3.8-4.9	0.30-0.9	1.2-1.8	0.10	0.25	0.15	0.05 (0.15)	Remainder

AA 2024 Physical Properties

AA2024 physical properties are listed in the following tables, including aluminum density, melting point, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus (modulus of elasticity), thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, electrical conductivity, and electrical resistance.

Notes:

10^-6·K^-1 = 10^-6/K = 1 μm/m·°C
1 Ω·mm²/m = 1 μΩ·m
1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1000 kg/m3
1 GPa= 1 kN/mm2
1 MPa= 1 N/mm2
MS/m = 0.58⋅% IACS
1cal/(g.C) = 1Btu/(lb.F)

Aluminium 2024-T3 Physical Properties
Alloy and Temper	Density, g/cm3 (lb/in.3)	Specific gravity	Melting point, °C (°F)	Coefficient of thermal expansion, 10-6/K (μin./in. ·°F)	Specific heat capacity, J/kg·K (Btu/lb ·°F)	Thermal conductivity, W/m·°C (Btu∙in/h∙ft2∙°F), at 25 °C (77 °F)	Electrical conductivity, Equal volume (Equal weight), % IACS, at 20 °C (68 °F)	Electrical conductivity, Equal volume (Equal weight), MS/m, at 20 °C (68 °F)	Electrical resistivity, Ω·mm2/m (Ω·circ mil/ft), at 20 °C (68 °F)
2024-O	2.78 (0.101)	2.78	500-638 (935-1180)	23.2 (12.9) at 20-100 °C (68-212 °F)	875 (0.209) at 20 °C (68 °F)	193 (1340)	50 (160)	29 (93)	0.035 (21)
2024-T3, T4, T361						121 (840)	30 (96)	17 (56)	0.058 (35)
2024-T6, T81 , T861						151 (1050)	38 (122)	22 (71)	0.045 (27)

2024-T3 Aluminum Mechanical Properties

Al 2024-T351, 2024T4, 2024T6 2024-T3 aluminum mechanical properties are listed in the tables below including yield strength (yield stress), ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, young’s modulus, etc.

Aluminium 2024-T3 Mechanical Properties – Plate and Sheet
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Thickness, in.	Tensile Strength, ksi, ≥, (unless otherwise specified)	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi, ≥ (unless otherwise specified)	Elongation in 2 in. or 4xDiameter, ≤, %	Bend Diameter Factor, N
ASTM B209;	2024-O	0.010-0.032	≤32	≤14	12	0
		0.033-0.063				1
		0.064-0.128				4
		0.129-0.499				6
	2024T3	0.008-0.009	63.0	42.0	10	4
		0.010-0.020	63.0		12	4
		0.021-0.051	63.0		15	5
		0.052-0.128	63.0		15	6
		0.129-0.249	64.0		15	8
	2024-T351	0.250-0.499	64.0	42.0	12	–
		0.500-1.000	63.0	42.0	8
		1.001-1.500	62.0	42.0	7
		1.501-2.000	62.0	42.0	6
		2.001-3.000	60.0	42.0	4
		3.001-4.000	57.0	41.0	4
	2024-T361 (flat sheet and plate only)	0.020-0.051	67.0	50.0	8	4
		0.052-0.062	67.0	50.0	8	8
		0.063-0.249	68.0	51.0	9	8
		0.250-0.499	66.0	49.0	9	–
		0.5	66.0	49.0	10	–
	2024-T4 (Coiled sheet)	0.010-0.020	62.0	40	12	4
		0.021-0.051			15	6
		0.052-0.128			15	5
		0.129-0.249			15	8
	2024-T42	0.010-0.020	62.0	38.0	12	4
		0.021-0.051	62.0		15	5
		0.052-0.128	62.0		15	6
		0.129-0.249	62.0		15	8
		0.250-0.499	62.0		12	10
		0.500-1.000	61.0		8	–
		1.001-1.500	60.0		7	–
		1.501-2.000	60.0		6	–
		2.001-3.000	58.0		4	–
	2024-T62	0.010-0.499	64.0	50.0	5	–
	2024-T62	0.500-3.000	63.0	50.0	5	–
	T72	0.010-0.249	60.0	46.0	5	–
	T81	0.010-0.249	67.0	58.0	5	–
	T851	0.250-0.499	67.0	58.0	5	–
		0.500-1.000	66.0	58.0	5	–
		1.001-1.499	66.0	57.0	5	–
	T861	0.020-0.062	70.0	62.0	3	–
		0.063-0.249	71.0	66.0	4	–
		0.250-0.499	70.0	64.0	4	–
		0.5	70.0	64.0	4	–
	F	0.250-3.000	–	–	–	–
ASTM B209	Alclad 2024 O	0.008-0.009	≤30.0	≤14	10	0
		0.010-0.032		≤14	12	0
		0.033-0.062		≤14	12	1
		0.063-0.249	≤32.0	≤14	12	2
		0.250-0.499		≤14	12	3
		0.500-1.750		–	12	–
	Alclad 2024T3	0.008-0.009	58.0	39.0	10	4
		0.010-0.020	59.0	39.0	12	4
		0.021-0.040	59.0	39.0	15	4
		0.041-0.062	59.0	39.0	15	5
		0.063-0.128	61.0	40.0	15	5
		0.129-0.249	62.0	40.0	15	8
	Alclad 2024 T351	0.250-0.499	62.0	40.0	12	–
		0.500-1.000	63.0	42.0	8
		1.001-1.500	62.0	42.0	7
		1.501-2.000	62.0	42.0	6
		2.001-3.000	60.0	42.0	4
		3.001-4.000	57.0	41.0	4
	T361	0.020-0.062	61.0	47.0	8	4
		0.063-0.187	64.0	48.0	9	6
		0.188-0.249	64.0	48.0	9	8
		0.250-0.499	64.0	48.0	9	–
		0.5	66.0	49.0	10	–
	Alclad 2024 T4	0.010-0.020	58.0	36	12	4
		0.021-0.040	58.0	36	15	4
		0.041-0.062	58.0	36	15	5
		0.063-0.128	61.0	38	15	5
	Alclad 2024 T42	0.008-0.009	55.0	34.0	10	4
		0.010-0.020	57.0	34.0	12	4
		0.021-0.040	57.0	34.0	15	4
		0.041-0.062	57.0	34.0	15	5
		0.063-0.128	60.0	36.0	15	5
		0.129-0.187	60.0	36.0	15	8
		0.188-0.249	60.0	36.0	15	8
		0.250-0.499	60.0	36.0	12	10
		0.500-1.000	61.0	38.0	8	–
		1.001-1.500	60.0	38.0	7	–
		1.501-2.000	60.0	38.0	6	–
		2.001-3.000	58.0	38.0	4	–
	T62	0.010-0.062	60.0	47.0	5	–
	T62	0.063-0.499	62.0	49.0	5	–
	T72	0.010-0.062	56.0	43.0	5	–
	T72	0.063-0.249	58.0	45.0	5	–
	T81	0.010-0.062	62.0	54.0	5	–
	T81	0.063-0.249	65.0	56.0	5	–
	T851	0.250-0.499	65.0	56.0	5	–
	T851	0.500-1.000	66.0	58.0	5	–
	T861	0.020-0.062	64.0	58.0	3	–
		0.063-0.187	69.0	64.0	4	–
		0.188-0.249	69.0	64.0	4	–
		0.250-0.499	68.0	62.0	4	–
		0.5	70.0	64.0	4	–
	F	0.250-3.000	–	–	–	–
ASTM B209 1 1/2 % Alclad 2024	O	0.188-0.499	≤32.0	≤14	12
	O	0.500-1.750	≤32.0		12
	T3	0.188-0.249	63	41	15
	T361	0.188-0.249	65	49	9
		0.250-0.499	65	48	9
		0.5	66	49	10
	T351	0.250-0.499	63	41	12
		0.500-1.000	63	42	8
		1.001-1.500	62	42	7
		1.501-2.000	62	42	6
		2.001-3.000	60	42	4
		3.001-4.000	57	41	4
	T42	0.188-0.249	61	37	15
		0.250-0.499	61	37	12
		0.500-1.000	61	38	8
		1.001-1.500	60	38	7
		1.501-2.000	60	38	6
		2.001-3.000	58	38	4
	T62	0.188-0.499	62	49	5
	T72	0.188-0.249	59	45	5
	T81	0.188-0.249	66	57	5
	T851	0.250-0.499	66	57	5
	T851	0.500-1.000	66	58	5
	T861	0.188-0.249	70	65	4
		0.250-0.499	69	63	4
		0.5	70	64	4
	F	0.250-3.000	–	–	–
ASTM B209 Alclad 1-Side 2024	O	0.008-0.009	≤31	≤14	10
		0.010-0.062	≤31	≤14	12
		0.063-0.499	≤32	≤14	12
	T3	0.010-0.020	61	40	12
		0.021-0.062	61	40	15
		0.063-0.128	62	41	15
		0.129-0.249	63	41	15
	T351	0.250-0.499	63	41	12
	T361	0.020-0.062	64	48	8
		0.063-0.249	66	49	9
		0.250-0.499	65	48	9
	T42	0.010-0.020	59	35	12
		0.021-0.062	59	36	15
		0.063-0.249	61	37	15
		0.250-0.499	61	37	12
	T62	0.010-0.062	62	48	5
	T62	0.063-0.499	63	49	5
	T72	0.010-0.062	59	45	5
	T72	0.063-0.249	64	56	5
	T81	0.010-0.062	64	56	5
	T81	0.063-0.249	66	57	5
	T851	0.250-0.499	66	57	5
	T861	0.020-0.062	67	60	3
		0.063-0.249	70	65	4
		0.250-0.499	69	63	4
		0.250-0.499	–	–	–
ASTM B209 1 1/2 % Alclad 1-Side 2024	O	0.188-0.499	≤32	≤14	12
	T3	0.188-0.249	63	41	15
	T351	0.250-0.499	63	41	12
	T361	0.188-0.249	66	49	9
	T361	0.250-0.499	65	48	9
	T42	0.188-0.249	61	37	15
	T42	0.250-0.499	61	37	12
	T62	0.188-0.499	63	49	5
	T72	0.188-0.249	59	45	5
	T81	0.188-0.249	66	57	5
	T851	0.250-0.499	66	57	5
	T861	0.188-0.249	70	65	4
	T861	0.250-0.499	69	63	4
	F	0.250-0.499	–	–	–

Mechanical Properties – Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Diameter or Thickness, in.	Area, in2	Tensile Strength, ksi, ≥	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi, ≥	Elongation in 2 in. or 4xDiameter, ≤, %
ASTM B221	2024-O	all	all	≤35	≤19	12
	2024-T3, T3510, T3511	≤0.249	all	57	42	12
		0.250-0.749	all	60	44	12
		0.750-1.499	all	65	46	10
		≥1.5	≤25	70	52	10
		≥1.5	>25, ≤32	68	48	8
	T42	≤0.749	all	57	38	12
		0.750-1.499	all			10
		≥1.5	≤25			10
		≥1.5	>25, ≤32			8
	T81, T8510, T8511	0.050-0.249	all	64	56	4
		0.250-1.499	all	66	58	5
		≥1.5	≤32	66	58	5

Mechanical Properties – Extruded Tube
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Diameter or Thickness, in. (mm)	Area, in2 (mm2)	Tensile Strength, ksi (MPa), ≥	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi (MPa), ≥	Elongation in 2 in. (50mm) or 4xDiameter, ≤, %	Elongation in 5 x Diameter
ASTM B241	2024-O	all	all	≤35 (240)	≤19 (130)	12	10
	T3, T3510, T3511	≤0.249 (6.30)	all	57 (395)	42 (290)	10	–
		0.250-0.749 (6.30-18.00)	all	60 (415)	44 (305)	10	9
		0.750-1.499 (18-35)	all	65 (450)	46 (315)	–	9
		≥1.5 (35.00)	≤25 (16,000)	70 (485)	48 (330)	–	9
		≥1.5 (35.00)	>25, ≤32 (16,000-20,000)	68 (470)	46 (315)	–	7
	T42	≤0.749 (35.00)	all	57 (395)	38 (260)	12	10
		0.750-1.499 (18-35)	all			–	9
		≥1.5 (35.00)	≤25 (16,000)			–	9
		≥1.5 (35.00)	>25, ≤32 (16,000-20,000)			–	7
	T81, T8510, T8511	0.050-0.249 (1.2-6.3)	all	64 (440)	56 (385)	4	–
		0.250-1.499 (6.3-35.0)	all	66 (455)	58 (400)	5	4
		≥1.5 (35.00)	≤32 (20,000)	66 (455)	58 (400)	–	4
	F	all	all	–	–	–	–

Alloy 2024 Mechanical Properties – Drawn Seamless Tubes
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Diameter or Thickness, in.	Tensile Strength, ksi, ≥	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi, ≥	Elongation in 2 in. or 4 x Diameter, min, %
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Diameter or Thickness, in.	Tensile Strength, ksi, ≥	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi, ≥	Full-Section Specimen	Cut-Out Specimen
ASTM B210	2024-O	0.018-0.500	≤32.0	≤15	–	–
	T3	0.018-0.024	64	42	10	–
		0.025-0.049	64		12	10
		0.050-0.259	64		14	10
		0.260-0.500	64		16	12
	T42	0.018-0.024	64	40	10	–
		0.025-0.049			12	10
		0.050-0.259			14	10
		0.260-0.500			16	12

Mechanical Properties – Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire
Standard	Aluminum Alloy and Temper	Specified Diameter or Thickness, in.	Tensile Strength, ksi, ≥	Yield Strength (0.2 % offset), ksi, ≥ (unless otherwise specified)	Elongation in 2 in. or 4xDiameter, ≤, %
ASTM B211	O	≤0.124	≤35	–	–
	O	0.125-8.000	≤35	–	16
	T36	≤ 0.124	69	–	–
	T36	0.125-0.375	69	52	10
	2024-T4	≤ 0.124	62	–	–
		0.125-0.499	62	45	10
		0.500-4.500	62	42	10
		4.501-6.500	62	40	10
		6.501-8.000	58	38	10
	2024-T42	≤0.124	62	40	10
	2024-T42	0.125-1.000	62	40	10
	2024-T351	0.500-6.500	62	45	10
	2024-T351	6.501-8.000	62	45	9
	T6	≤0.124	62	–	–
	T6	0.125-6.500	62	50	5
	T62	≤0.124	60	–	–
	T62	0.125-6.500	60	46	5
	T851	0.500-6.500	66	58	5

Typical Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
Alloy and temper	Temperature, °C (°F)	Ultimate tensile strength, MPa (ksi)	0.2% offset yield strength	Elongation in 50 mm (2 in.), %,
2024-T3 (Sheet)	-195 (-320)	585 (85)	425 (62)	18
	-80 (-112)	505 (73)	360 (52)	17
	-30 (-18)	495 (72)	350 (51)	17
	25 (75)	485 (70)	345 (50)	17
	100 (212)	455 (66)	330 (48)	16
	150 (300)	380 (55)	310 (45)	11
	205 (400)	185 (27)	140 (20)	23
	260 (500)	75 (11)	60 (9)	55
	315 (600)	50 (7.5)	41 (6)	75
	370 (700)	34 (5)	28 (4)	100
2024-T4, T351 (plate)	-195 (-320)	580 (84)	420 (61)	19
	-80 (-112)	490 (71)	340 (49)	19
	-30 (-18)	475 (69)	325 (47)	19
	25 (75)	470 (68)	325 (47)	19
	100 (212)	435 (63)	310 (45)	19
	150 (300)	310 (45)	250 (36)	17
	205 (400)	180 (26)	130 (19)	27
	260 (500)	75 (11)	60 (9)	55
	315 (600)	50 (7.5)	41 (6)	75
	370 (700)	34 (5)	28 (4)	100
2024-T6, T651	-195 (-320)	580 (60)	470 (68)	11
	-80 (-112)	495 (44)	405 (59)	10
	-30 (-18)	485 (42)	400 (58)	10
	25 (75)	475 (42)	395 (57)	10
	100 (212)	450 (40)	370 (54)	10
	150 (300)	310 (34)	250 (36)	17
	205 (400)	180 (25)	130 (19)	27
	260 (500)	75 (12)	60 (9)	55
	315 (600)	50 (7.5)	41 (6)	75
	370 (700)	34 (5)	28 (4)	100
2024-T81, T851	-195 (-320)	585 (85)	540 (78)	8
	-80 (-112)	510 (74)	475 (69)	7
	-30 (-18)	505 (73)	470 (68)	7
	25 (75)	485 (70)	450 (65)	7
	100 (212)	455 (66)	425 (62)	8
	150 (300)	380 (55)	340 (49)	11
	205 (400)	185 (27)	140 (20)	23
	260 (500)	75 (11)	60 (9)	55
	315 (600)	50 (7.5)	41 (6)	75
	370 (700)	34 (5)	28 (4)	100
2024-T861	-195 (-320)	635 (92)	585 (85)	5
	-80 (-112)	560 (81)	530 (77)	5
	-30 (-18)	540 (78)	510 (74)	5
	25 (75)	515 (75)	490 (71)	5
	100 (212)	485 (70)	460 (67)	6
	150 (300)	370 (54)	330 (48)	11
	205 (400)	145 (21)	115 (17)	28
	260 (500)	75 (11)	60 (9)	55
	315 (600)	50 (7.5)	41 (6)	75
	370 (700)	34 (5)	28 (4)	100

AA 2024 Aluminum Alloy Equivalent

AA 2024 material equivalent to European EN (German DIN EN, British BSI EN, France NF EN), ISO, Japanese JIS and Chinese GB standard (for reference).

2024 Aluminium Alloy Equivalent
US			European Union		China		Japan		ISO
ASTM Standard	SAE AMS	Grade (UNS)	Standard	Numerical (Chemical symbols)	Standard	Grade	Standard	Grade	Standard	Grade
ASTM B209, ASTM B210, ASTM B211, ASTM B221, ASTM B241, ASTM B316/B316M	SAE 4035, 4037, 4193, 4297, 4120, 4339, 4087, 4088, 4086, 4040, 4041, 4194, 4195, 4279 AMS-QQ-A-250/4, AMS-QQ-A-225/6, AMS-QQ-A-200/3, AMS-A-81596, AMS-QQ-A-250/5	2024 (UNS A92024)	EN 573-3	EN AW-2024 (EN AW-AlCu4Mg1)	GB/T 3190; GB/T 3880.2	2024	JIS H4000; JIS H4040	2024	ISO 209	AW-2024

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